Operators in C Language

Arithmetic Operators:

There are five basic arithmetic operators in ‘C’. They are:

Relational Operators:

Relational operators check relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns value 1 and if the relation is false, it returns value 0.

For example: a>b

Here,, > is a relational operator. If a is greater than b, returns 1, if not then it returns 0.

Relational operators are used in decision making in conditional statements and loops.

Operator	Meaning of operator	Example
==	Equal to	5==3 returns false (0)
>	Greater than	5>3 returns true (1)
<	Less than	5<3 returns false (0)
!=	Not equal to	5!=3 returns true (1)
>=	Greater than or equal to	5>=3 returns true (1)
<=	Less than or equal to	5<=3 returns false (0)

Logical Operators:

Operator	Meaning of operator	example
&&	Logical AND	If c=5 and d=2 then ((c==5) && (d>5)) returns false.
||	Logical OR	If c=5 and d=2 then ((c==5) || (d>5)) returns true.
!	Logical NOT	If c=5 then !(c=5) returns false.

Increment and Decrement operators:

In C, ++ and – are called increment and decrement operators respectively. Both of these operators are unary operators, i.e., used on a single operand. ‘++’ adds ‘1’ to operand and ‘- -‘from the operand respectively.

For example

Let a=5

a++; //a becomes 6

a--;  //a becomes 4

++a; //a becomes 6

--a; //a becomes 4

Difference between ++ and - - operator as postfix and prefix

When ++ is used as prefix (like: ++var), ++var will increment the value of var and then returns it.

But, if ++ used as postfix (like: var++), operator will return the value of the operand first and then only increment it.

For example:

#include <stdio.h>

Int main()

{

                int c=2,d=2;

                printf(“%d\n”, c++); // this statement displays 2 then only c incremented by 1 to 3.

                printf(“%d”, ++d); // this statement displays 1 to 3 then, only c is displayed.

                Return 0;

}

Conditional Operator:

Conditional operator (Ternary operator) takes three operands and consists of two sysmbols ? and :

Conditional operators are used for decision making in ‘C’.

For example:

d=(c>0)?10: -10;

If c is greater than 0, value of c will be 10 but, if c is less than 0, value of c will be -10.

Assignment operators:

The most common assignment operator is ‘=’. This operator assigns the value from the right side to the left side.

For example:

Age=5; // 5 is assigned to age

Old age=age; //value of age is assigned to old age

5=age; //Error! 5 is a constant. Constant cannot be changed

Two operators can be used in conjunctions as like”+ =”

Operator	Example	Same as
=	a=b	a=b
+=	a+=b	a=a+b
-=	a-=b	a=a-b
*=	a*=b	a=a*b
/=	a/=b	a=a/b
%=	a%=b	a=a%b

Bitwise Operators:

A bitwise operator works on each bit of data. Bitwise operators are used in bit level programming.

Operator	Meaning of operators
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise exclusive OR
~	Bitwise complement
<<	Shift left
>>	Shift right

Example:

C program for bitwise operator is:

#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

                int x=7,y=9,and,or,xor,right_shift,left_shift;

                and=x&y;

                or=x|y;

                xor=x^y;

                left_shift=x<<1;

                right_shift=y>>1;

               

                printf(%d AND %d=%d\n",x,y,and);

                printf(%d OR %d=%d\n",x,y,or);

                printf(%d XOR %d=%d\n",x,y,xor);

                printf(Left shifting %d by 1 bit=%d\n",x,left_shift);

                printf(Right shifting %d by 1 bit=%d\n",y,right_shift);

                return 0;

}

OUTPUT:

7 AND 9 =1

7 OR 9 =15

7 XOR 9 =14

Left shifting 7 by 1 bit =14

Right shifting 9 by 1 bit = 4